i'm ben thompson. we start with the shipping industry — because the danish giant maersk has warned that disruption to container traffic in the red sea is worsening. it says, wuote, "the risk zone has expanded" as drone and missile attacks on ships by yemen's houthi rebels are reaching further offshore. maersk estimates the industry's capacity to ship goods between europe and asia will be down as much as 20% in the april to june period. it says it has added thousands more containers and is sailing faster on the route around southern africa to offset some of the disruption, but that means it's using 40% more fuel. larsjenson, ceo at shipping consultants vespucci maritime, explained the impact of this increased disruption. within the last week, week and a half, we have now seen attacks ranging into the indian ocean itself. the problematic issue there is prior

to these attacks, it was basically free passage from africa up to some of the key transshipment hops you have on the southern part of the arabian peninsula. those routes are now also compromised, forcing the ships to take a detour closer to the indian coast. and that, of course, soaks up more capacity. yes, soaking up more capacity and adding extra costs, one would assume. it's difficult to put real numbers on it at the moment because we don't know how long this will go on for. but what is your assessment of how disruptive this is? this is a very, very significant disruption. we are basically at a break even that we have enough ships in the world to deal with these disruptions. we are not at pandemic level territory, but we cannot handle more disruptions on top of what we have already. and it certainly seems that there is no end in sight to these attacks. we know that the houthi leader making a speech last week vowing that the attacks would get worse. what can shipping companies do right now? do they have any options?

there are not really any options apart from continuing to go around africa, taking longer detours in the indian ocean. we have had military presence now forfour and a half months trying to protect some of the shipping in the region. and we can just see that this has done nothing to change the frequency and success rate of the attacks on merchant ships. we will keep a close eye on that ongoing disruption in the red sea. elsewhere today... market—based schemes to protect forests, such as carbon offsetting and deforestation—free certificates, have largely failed. that's the verdict of a new report by the international union of forest research organisations. it finds deforestation in ghana, for instance, has risen despite corporate pledges, sustainable cocoa standards and carbon offset projects by big business. the scientists behind the report are now urging a "radical rethink" ahead of a un forum on the issue which begins today. i spoke to one of them,

dr constance mcdermott at the university of oxford. she explained some of complex issues at play. it's important to realise that global and urban markets for commodities like palm oil and soy or cocoa and coffee are major drivers of deforestation. but at the same time, the reason that we see them driving deforestation is because of major issues and inequalities with governments in the countries that are affected, in terms of their capacity to manage land sustainably, in terms of their access to alternative options, alternative sources of economy. so the problem is really that we're not addressing these sort of major underlying problems around governance in the countries that are affected by these global markets. so simply coming up with alternative markets that often don't deliver anywhere near the same kinds

of resources is not enough to sort of address the underlying problems with governance in these countries. and i look at your report and you make it really clear as well that we view forests as a commodity, somewhere, particularly when it comes to being a carbon sink, somewhere that will remove carbon from the atmosphere, rather than the wider impact of what that forest does in terms of ecology and biodiversity. we see it as just somewhere that will suck up the carbon that we produce. and it becomes a commodity, doesn't it? yes, it does. and it's so important in thinking about addressing deforestation to realise that forests are much more than carbon, but also that governance is much more than simply finance. i mean, you have to... for finance to be effective, it needs to be channeled in a way and governed effectively, right? so just thinking that the problem is we need to incentivise by offering payments for carbon, for example, isjust not going to address those underlying problems and drivers.

what is the solution? how do we change our perspective on how we view our forests? well, i think the good news is that there are a lot of approaches that work. countries, for example, such as brazil, when the national government made an effort to stop deforestation, it was actually effective for a number of years because the strategies that were adopted were created by countries that knew their local context. same can be said for a lot of local and grassroots initiatives that can be very effective at keeping forest cover, and of course indigenous communities as well. so i think if we spend more time listening and seeing what is working and then working with the key actors to co—design approaches in each country that are appropriate to the context, i think this will really help enhance the effectiveness of international efforts. let's turn to the us now — shares on wall street surged

on friday after usjobs numbers came in much weaker than expected. that raised hopes that the federal reserve may be able to start cutting interest rates from their two—decade high in the coming months. so how has wall street opened as we start a new week? let's speak to michelle fleury in new york. give us a sense of what wall street makes of those numbers. i give us a sense of what wall street makes of those numbers.— makes of those numbers. i think this on wall street _ makes of those numbers. i think this on wall street last _ makes of those numbers. i think this on wall street last week _ makes of those numbers. i think this on wall street last week with - makes of those numbers. i think this on wall street last week with all- on wall street last week with all the major indexes are up around i%, and a feeling of positivity has carried over to the start of this week. we have all the major indexes, the dowjones, the s&p 500 or the nasdaq all opening higher and this is because we saw this weaker than expected report which ultimately basically eased fears that the us economy may be overheating and that has raised the prospect at least amongst those on wall street that maybe we might see two interest—rate

cuts in america this year. bearing in mind that going into last week's interest rate meeting when we were talking about this, there was an expectation of one at best. so it really has flipped the script and that's why you're seeing this kind of positivity on wall street. the other thing to remember is that we are in the middle of earnings season. so for most of the companies reporting have showed that thanks to increases in margins, things have gone pretty well. we will hear from disney and uber soon but as things stand, a mood of optimism at the start of the week. we stand, a mood of optimism at the start of the week.— stand, a mood of optimism at the start of the week. we like that, we like it a lot- — start of the week. we like that, we like it a lot. good _ start of the week. we like that, we like it a lot. good to _ start of the week. we like that, we like it a lot. good to talk _ start of the week. we like that, we like it a lot. good to talk to - start of the week. we like that, we like it a lot. good to talk to you. i today marks 30 years since the opening of the channel tunnel — linking england and france. it laid the tracks for the eurostar train to shuttle passengers from london to paris and beyond and for eurotunnel vehicle and freight shuttles between folkestone and calais. our transport correspondent katy austin has been taking a look at its impact and its future. a moment in history.

30 years ago today, queen elizabeth and french president mitterrand officially opened the new connection between their two countries. it made an idea dreamt up centuries earlier a reality. since the queen made herjourney through the channel tunnel, 480 million passengers have done the same. these days, 100 trains speed through it each day. we're now going at about 120 kilometers per hour, which is roughly 75 miles per hour. and we're coming up to the middle of what is still the world's longest undersea tunnel. beeping driver martin has been here since the beginning. people have this concept that it's just straight through to france, and it's totally not. the tunnel itself is up, down, round the corners and everything. it's no straight lines at all. so you sort of know this tunnel like the back of your hand? absolutely, yeah. it's like a second home, really. building it was an exceptional feat of engineering.

there are actually three tunnels. when i'm standing in right now isn't for trends, when i'm standing in right now isn't fortrends, it when i'm standing in right now isn't for trends, it is used for ventilation, access to maintenance and evacuating people in an emergency. we are now on the france side and the uk is 42 miles that way. the tunnel carries a quarter of trade between the uk and eu, plus plenty of holiday makers, whether on eurostar to paris and beyond, are using the car shuttle to reach somewhere like le touquet, and our�*s drive from the calais terminal. {ode drive from the calais terminal. code into folkestone,, _ drive from the calais terminal. code into folkestone,, calais— drive from the calais terminal. code into folkestone,, calais is— drive from the calais terminal. (m- into folkestone,, calais is 40 minutes down the coast, perfect, nice and easy, no problems at all. have you done that before? we have been to le touquet _ have you done that before? we have been to le touquet three _ have you done that before? we have been to le touquet three times - have you done that before? we have been to le touquet three times and l been to le touquet three times and we have always come through the tunnel. ., , , , ~ , tunnel. tunnel tourists help keep the wheels _ tunnel. tunnel tourists help keep the wheels moving _ tunnel. tunnel tourists help keep the wheels moving for _ tunnel. tunnel tourists help keep the wheels moving for small- the wheels moving for small businesses including this one. transition yellow i drive the little

train, lots of impish people, that we can in cars and in the shuttle, it's very good. plenty of brits swing by the golf course. every year we have got — swing by the golf course. every year we have got 45,000 _ swing by the golf course. every year we have got 45,000 visitors, - swing by the golf course. every year we have got 45,000 visitors, and i we have got 45,000 visitors, and 20,000 of those visitors are english people. 20,000 of those visitors are english --eole. ., , 20,000 of those visitors are english eo . le, ., , ~' , 20,000 of those visitors are english --eole. ., , , ., people. charles thinks the shorter “ourne people. charles thinks the shorter journey means — people. charles thinks the shorter journey means a _ people. charles thinks the shorter journey means a longer— people. charles thinks the shorter journey means a longer holiday. l journey means a longer holiday. which is an extra round of golf, so thatis which is an extra round of golf, so that is more business for us. the tunnel's financial _ that is more business for us. the tunnel's financial journey that is more business for us. the tunnel's financialjourney hasn't tunnel's financial journey hasn't always been smooth. it opened £2 billion over budget and the company that runs it nearly went bust. predicted passenger numbers were never reached but eurotunnel did become profitable. more recently new challenges, the pandemic and brexit meant putting millions into new systems to deal with additional customs rules. now the boss here wants to get more trains running, that could include for the first time rivals to eurostar running passenger services.

already new companies have said they want to launch new services within the five next years in the tunnel. we are very confident that in the ten next years there will be a doubling of the direct connection between london and europe. before that, change is on the way for people crossing the channel, eurotunnel is building an area to cope with the eu's new broader system, starting this october. we were the first to film the machine that passengers will use at calais and folkestone to register fingerprints and a photo instead of having their passport stamped. yell at the crossing time will be extended by five to maximum seven minutes for each customer. figs extended by five to maximum seven minutes for each customer.- extended by five to maximum seven minutes for each customer. as we are extendin: minutes for each customer. as we are extending the — minutes for each customer. as we are extending the number— minutes for each customer. as we are extending the number of— minutes for each customer. as we are extending the number of lanes, - minutes for each customer. as we are extending the number of lanes, there | extending the number of lanes, there will be no delay, nothing. the extending the number of lanes, there will be no delay, nothing.— will be no delay, nothing. the cost of all this, — will be no delay, nothing. the cost of all this, £70 — will be no delay, nothing. the cost of all this, £70 million. _ the channel tunnel�*s 30—year history has already proved eventful and it's far from the end of the story.

katy austin, bbc news. much more unobvious stories on the bbc website. you can reach me online. see you soon.

hello, i'm ben croucher with your bbc sport update. about time — that's how lando norris described his maiden f1 victory after springing a surprise at the miami grand prix. he took advantage of a mid race safety to pull clear of pole sitter max verstappen to stand on the top step of the podium for the first time in more than 100 races. lydia campbell has the story. the miami grand prix is a never seen one winner, so when max verstappen started from pole on sunday, the

stands were expecting another routine victory for the three—time world champion. at this race turned on its head. 29 laps in, kevin magnussen had a coming together with another driver, causing the safety car and allowing lando norris to capitalise. and thanks to the restart, norris now only had one focus, keep verstappen at bay. no simple task up against the man who has dominated formula 1 over the past few years. but this was norris's day, driving with a combination of pace and panache to cross the line for his first race win. �* , , ., ., , ~ cross the line for his first race win. , ._ ~ ., cross the line for his first race win. , ~ .,., win. i'm 'ust proud really. a lot of --eole, win. i'mjust proud really. a lot of --eole, i win. i'mjust proud really. a lot of peeple. i guess. _ win. i'mjust proud really. a lot of people, i guess, doubted - win. i'mjust proud really. a lot of people, i guess, doubted me - win. i'mjust proud really. a lot of. people, i guess, doubted me along the way. i've made a lot of mistakes over my last five years, my short career but today we put it all together, so this is all for the team. i stuck with mclaren because i

believed in